“Write Amplification” Guard: Only Update Changed Columns

                  class NormalizeHeadlines
  def call
    Member.select(:id, :headline).find_each do |m|
      normalized = m.headline.to_s.strip.gsub(/ +/, ' ')
      next if normalized == m.headline

      Member.where(id: m.id).update_all(headline: normalized, updated_at: Time.current)
    end
  end
end