Alex Kumar

Traditional offset-based pagination becomes unreliable and slow for large datasets when records are frequently inserted or deleted—users can miss items or see duplicates across pages. Cursor-based pagination solves this by using an opaque token that e

Consistent error handling transforms debugging from guesswork into systematic troubleshooting. I use a rescue handler that catches exceptions globally and transforms them into a standard JSON structure containing an error code, human-readable message,

Rate limiting is essential protection against abuse and ensures fair resource distribution across API consumers. Rack::Attack with Redis backing provides a robust, shared state solution that works across multiple application servers. I define differen

Stateless authentication with JWT tokens simplifies horizontal scaling but introduces security concerns around token lifetime and revocation. I use short-lived access tokens (15 minutes) combined with longer-lived refresh tokens stored in an encrypted

API versioning is critical for maintaining backward compatibility while evolving your endpoints. I use Rails namespace routing to organize versions cleanly within the app/controllers structure. Each version lives in its own module like Api::V1 or Api: