django

Mixins let me compose view behavior without duplication. LoginRequiredMixin is essential for protecting views. I create custom mixins like UserOwnershipMixin to encapsulate common patterns. Mixin order matters due to Python's MRO—I put Django's mixins

JWT tokens provide stateless authentication for APIs. I use djangorestframework-simplejwt for token generation and validation. The TokenObtainPairView issues access and refresh tokens on login. I configure token lifetimes in settings. For protected en

Formsets handle multiple forms on one page. I use modelformset_factory for editing existing objects and inlineformset_factory for related objects. The extra parameter controls empty forms shown. I validate formsets with formset.is_valid() and save wit

Sitemaps help search engines discover and index pages. Django's sitemap framework generates XML sitemaps automatically. I create sitemap classes for each content type, defining items(), lastmod(), changefreq(), and priority(). For large sites, I use s

Soft deletes mark records as deleted without removing them from the database. I add a deleted_at field and override the delete() method. A custom manager excludes soft-deleted records by default. I provide a hard_delete() method for permanent removal.

Celery Beat schedules periodic tasks like cron jobs. I define schedules in settings or use the Django database scheduler. Tasks run at specified intervals or cron expressions. I use @periodic_task decorator or configure in CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE. For dy

Indexes dramatically improve query performance. I add indexes via Meta.indexes or db_index=True on frequently-filtered fields. Compound indexes help queries filtering on multiple fields. For text search, I use GinIndex on PostgreSQL. I index foreign k

Proper logging is critical for production debugging. I configure loggers for different apps and libraries. I use file handlers for persistence and console handlers for development. Log rotation prevents disk fill-up. I set appropriate levels (DEBUG, I

Adding unique request IDs helps trace logs across distributed systems. I generate a UUID for each request and attach it to both the request object and response headers. I also add it to the logging context so all log entries for that request include t

Model Meta class controls database behavior. I use ordering for default query ordering, indexes for database indexes, and unique_together for composite uniqueness constraints. The db_table option customizes table names. For large tables, managed=False

Django's i18n framework supports multiple languages. I mark strings for translation with gettext() or _(). The makemessages command extracts strings to .po files. Translators fill in translations, then compilemessages creates binary .mo files. I use {

Custom decorators encapsulate reusable view logic. I use functools.wraps to preserve function metadata. For class-based views, I use method_decorator. Common patterns include permission checks, rate limiting, or request validation. Decorators can modi