Deploy serverless functions on AWS Lambda using Terraform. Configure API Gateway integration, CloudWatch logging, environment variables, and IAM roles. Package Python or Node.js handlers with dependencies, set up event triggers, and manage function ve

When you’re on call, you eventually ask: “what version is running?” I expose a tiny /version endpoint that returns build metadata derived from debug.ReadBuildInfo plus a few variables set at build time. The goal isn’t perfect SBOMs; it’s fast debuggin

Stored procedures encapsulate business logic in database. Functions return values; procedures don't (PostgreSQL 11+). I use functions for reusable calculations, data transformations. PL/pgSQL provides procedural language—variables, loops, conditionals

Value objects represent immutable domain concepts without identity. I use value objects for money, addresses, date ranges, coordinates. Value objects are compared by value, not identity—two identical addresses are equal. They're immutable—create new i

I don’t test Hotwire behavior by guessing; I add system tests that exercise the UI. With Capybara, I click a button that triggers a Turbo Stream response and assert that the DOM changes without a full page reload. The exact assertion depends on the fe

Scopes encapsulate reusable query logic directly in the model, improving code readability and reducing duplication across controllers and services. I use scopes for common filters like active, published, or recent rather than writing raw where clauses

Immediate retries are a great way to stampede a struggling dependency. I use exponential backoff with jitter so retries spread out naturally and don’t synchronize across instances, and I cap the maximum delay so worst-case latency doesn’t become unbou

ETags enable efficient caching by allowing clients to make conditional requests that return 304 Not Modified when content hasn't changed. Rails automatically generates ETags based on response content, and fresh_when or stale? methods handle the condit

Infinite scroll can be done with plain HTML + Turbo Frames. Render a “next page” frame with loading: :lazy so Turbo fetches it when it enters the viewport. No JS required, and it degrades gracefully.

When a struct holds a reference, you must annotate its lifetime so the compiler knows the reference won't outlive the data. The syntax <'a> declares a lifetime parameter, and &'a str ties the reference to that lifetime. This ensures that as

Semantic HTML uses meaningful elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <article>, and <footer> instead of generic <div> tags. I structure content with proper heading hierarchy (<h1> to <h6>). Semantic mark

Signals and save overrides both handle model events, but have different use cases. I override save() for logic intrinsic to the model. Signals decouple logic across apps—I use them when multiple apps need to respond to model changes. Signals can make