Laravel's testing suite built on PHPUnit makes writing tests straightforward. Feature tests simulate HTTP requests and assert responses, while unit tests focus on individual methods. I use database transactions or RefreshDatabase to reset the database

The typestate pattern uses Rust's type system to encode state machines, making invalid states unrepresentable. Each state is a separate type, and transitions consume self and return a new state. The compiler prevents calling methods that aren't valid

Context processors add variables to every template context automatically. I create a function that takes request and returns a dict. This is perfect for site-wide settings like site name, current year, or user preferences. I add my processor to TEMPLA

In production, stack traces without context are slow to debug. Raise custom exceptions that include IDs and safe metadata, and log them as JSON. This is the difference between “we think” and “we know”.

React.memo prevents unnecessary re-renders of components when props haven't changed. I wrap components in memo when they're expensive to render or receive the same props frequently. The component only re-renders if props differ via shallow comparison.

For notifications/messages, it’s nice to mark items read when they actually enter the viewport. IntersectionObserver + Stimulus keeps it lightweight, and Turbo streams can update badges in real time.

I enable strict loading when I want N+1 bugs to fail loudly during development instead of quietly shipping to production. In Enable strict_loading on associations, I mark the relationships that routinely get iterated (has_many :line_items and belongs_

Reset flows are a common place to accidentally store secrets in the database. I generate a random token, email it to the user, and store only a hash in the DB alongside an expiry timestamp. When the user redeems the token, I hash what they provide and

Cleanup paths are easy to under-test, and it’s common to ignore close errors because you only have one return value. With Go 1.20+, errors.Join gives you a clean way to accumulate multiple cleanup errors and return them as a single error value. This i

For small UX touches like “3 minutes ago”, I don’t want to pull in a giant date library. A Stimulus controller can use Intl.RelativeTimeFormat plus a lightweight difference calculation. The server renders the ISO timestamp (via time_tag), and the cont

Not every codebase needs full-blown DDD, but I still want a clean seam between business logic and SQL. A tiny repository module per aggregate gives me that seam, and it makes testing easier because I can stub repository methods rather than mocking the

Events and listeners decouple application logic, making code modular and testable. When significant actions occur—user registered, order placed—I fire events. Multiple listeners can respond to one event without the event knowing about them. Events are